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Intrinsic factors in helper T-cells lineage choice
Andreyeva, Arina ; Neuwirth, Aleš (advisor) ; Chmelař, Jindřich (referee)
The process of clonal expansion of T lymphocytes, or T cells, belongs to the basic characteristics of adaptive immunity. A fundamental role in the immune response is played by the CD4+ T cells which are capable of evolving into the different subtypes (for example Th1 or Tfh) that help other types of cells to effectively eliminate pathogens. Each particular subtype activates different arms of the immune system for the most effective clearance of a particular pathogen. The way how the pathogen will be eliminated depends on the type of infection. This thesis aims to analyze relevant literature and known facts about factors that influence functional T-cell differentiation. This thesis will be mainly focused on the question of how much the T-cell receptor's structure or antigen affinity plays a role in this decision- making process. Another point of interest is the capability of T cells from one clone to produce different T helper cell subtypes, or they are preferentially biased towards a single differentiation pathway. Key words: adaptive immunity, CD4+ T cells, TCR, infections, differentiation
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B- and T- lymphocyte subpopulations in lymphocyte-associated immunodeficiencies
Šinkorová, Vendula ; Kalina, Tomáš (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
The antigen-specific immunity consists of cells called T and B lymphocytes. These cells together with cells of non-specific (innate) immunity begin their development in fetal liver and later in bone marrow from the common progenitor, the hematopoietic stem cell. Both B and T lymphocyte lineages then undergo differentiation which is regulated by many cytokines and transcriptional factors and leads to very heterogeneous cohort of subsets. Because the immune system is not only protecting the organism from infections and malignant growth but also from itself, lymphocyte differentiation must pass many checkpoints where B and T clones are strictly selected. Cells of both lineages closely communicate with each other and also with cells of innate immunity. If, due to mutation of protein encoding genes, disturbance of differentiation or malfunction of effector activities providing some of these functions occurs, an immune system malfunction called immunodeficiency arises. Multiparametric immunophenotyping followed by flow cytometry examination has been proven one of the most suitable techniques for studying lymphocyte subsets and lymphocyte- associated immunodeficiencies. Here we describe examples of primary lymphocyte- associated immunodeficiencies, how they affect individual lymphocyte subsets, what it...
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B- and T- lymphocyte subpopulations in lymphocyte-associated immunodeficiencies
Šinkorová, Vendula ; Kalina, Tomáš (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
The antigen-specific immunity consists of cells called T and B lymphocytes. These cells together with cells of non-specific (innate) immunity begin their development in fetal liver and later in bone marrow from the common progenitor, the hematopoietic stem cell. Both B and T lymphocyte lineages then undergo differentiation which is regulated by many cytokines and transcriptional factors and leads to very heterogeneous cohort of subsets. Because the immune system is not only protecting the organism from infections and malignant growth but also from itself, lymphocyte differentiation must pass many checkpoints where B and T clones are strictly selected. Cells of both lineages closely communicate with each other and also with cells of innate immunity. If, due to mutation of protein encoding genes, disturbance of differentiation or malfunction of effector activities providing some of these functions occurs, an immune system malfunction called immunodeficiency arises. Multiparametric immunophenotyping followed by flow cytometry examination has been proven one of the most suitable techniques for studying lymphocyte subsets and lymphocyte- associated immunodeficiencies. Here we describe examples of primary lymphocyte- associated immunodeficiencies, how they affect individual lymphocyte subsets, what it...
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